Transformers and switchgear are the core technical equipment of substations, and CHH Power has developed a comprehensive product lineup tailored to diverse grid needs—from transformers with varied winding configurations to advanced switchgear and enclosed gas-insulated systems. Below is a detailed overview of CHH Power’s key substation equipment, including their classifications, operational principles, and safety protocols.
1. CHH Power’s Transformers: Core Components of Substations
Transformers are the heart of substations, responsible for voltage conversion and power transmission. CHH Power offers three main types based on winding structure, each designed to meet specific grid requirements:
(1) Transformer Winding Configurations
- Dual-Winding Transformers: The most common design, with separate primary (high-voltage) and secondary (low-voltage) windings. Voltage is proportional to the number of winding turns, while current is inversely proportional—this principle ensures efficient power transfer (e.g., 110kV/10kV dual-winding transformers for regional power distribution).
- Three-Winding Transformers: Equipped with three windings (high, medium, low voltage) to supply multiple voltage levels simultaneously. CHH Power’s 220kV/110kV/10kV three-winding transformers are widely used in large industrial parks and urban substations.
- Auto-Transformers: Feature a shared winding for high and low voltage systems, with a tap drawn from the middle of the high-voltage winding to serve as the low-voltage output. This design reduces size and loss, making CHH Power’s auto-transformers ideal for high-voltage transmission (e.g., 500kV/220kV systems).
(2) Functional Classifications
- Step-Up Transformers: Used in power plant substations to boost generator output voltage (e.g., 10kV to 500kV) for long-distance transmission. CHH Power’s step-up transformers minimize transmission losses, supporting efficient delivery of renewable energy from remote wind/solar farms.
- Step-Down Transformers: Deployed in receiving-end substations (e.g., urban or industrial grids) to reduce high-voltage transmission power to usable levels (e.g., 220kV to 10kV, then 10kV to 0.4kV). CHH Power’s distribution step-down transformers (e.g., 630kVA 10kV/0.4kV) are compact and reliable for residential and commercial use.
(3) Voltage Regulation Types
- On-Load Tap-Changing (OLTC) Transformers: Adjust voltage without disconnecting the load, ensuring stable output for grids with fluctuating demand. CHH Power’s OLTC transformers integrate intelligent monitoring to automatically switch taps, improving power quality.
- Off-Load Tap-Changing Transformers: Require power disconnection for voltage adjustment, suitable for stable-load scenarios (e.g., rural grids). CHH Power’s off-load transformers are cost-effective and low-maintenance.
(4) Instrument Transformers (Voltage & Current)
CHH Power’s voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs) operate on transformer principles but are designed for measurement and protection:
- Voltage Transformers (VTs): Secondary voltage is standardized at 100V under rated operation, enabling safe measurement of high voltages.
- Current Transformers (CTs): Secondary current is standardized at 1A (or 5A) under rated operation. Critical safety note: The CT secondary winding is nearly short-circuited during operation—never open the secondary circuit, as this generates dangerous high voltages that can damage equipment or harm personnel, and may burn the CT itself.
2. CHH Power’s Substation Switchgear: Ensuring Safe Circuit Control
Switchgear is essential for controlling, protecting, and isolating substation circuits. CHH Power offers a full range of switchgear, each with distinct functions and operational protocols:
(1) Circuit Breakers
Designed to open/close circuits under both normal and fault conditions:
- Normal Operation: Manually or automatically controls circuit connection/disconnection (e.g., load adjustment).
- Fault Response: Under relay protection control, rapidly disconnects faulty equipment/circuits to prevent damage. CHH Power’s circuit breakers feature automatic reclosing functions to restore power if faults are temporary (e.g., lightning-induced trips).
(2) Isolating Switches (Knife Switches)
Primary function: Isolate equipment/circuits from operating voltage during maintenance to ensure safety. Key operational rules (enforced in CHH Power’s substation protocols):
- Cannot interrupt load or short-circuit current—must be used with circuit breakers.
- Operation Sequence:
- Power outage: First open the circuit breaker, then open the isolating switch.
- Power supply: First close the isolating switch, then close the circuit breaker.
- Safety Warning: Improper operation (e.g., opening the isolating switch under load) can cause arcing, equipment damage, or personal injury.
(3) Load Switches
Capable of interrupting load current during normal operation but cannot handle fault current. CHH Power’s load switches are typically paired with high-voltage fuses for 10kV+ systems, used in infrequently operated equipment (e.g., backup transformers, branch lines).
3. Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF₆) Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
To address land scarcity in urban substations, CHH Power widely adopts SF₆ totally enclosed gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). This integrated system combines circuit breakers, isolating switches, buses, grounding switches, and transformers in a compact, sealed enclosure filled with SF₆ gas (an excellent insulator).
Key Advantages of CHH Power’s GIS
- Space-Saving: Reduces substation footprint by 70% compared to traditional air-insulated switchgear, ideal for dense urban areas.
- Weather Resistance: Unaffected by humidity, dust, or extreme temperatures, ensuring stable operation in harsh environments.
- Low Maintenance: Long maintenance intervals (up to 10 years) and reduced risk of electric shock or electrical noise interference.
- High-Voltage Application: CHH Power’s GIS has been successfully deployed in 765kV substations, supporting ultra-high-voltage power transmission.
CHH Power’s substation equipment portfolio—from versatile transformers to intelligent switchgear and compact GIS—combines advanced technology with strict safety standards. By adhering to operational protocols and leveraging high-quality components, CHH Power ensures the reliable, efficient, and safe operation of substations across power generation, transmission, and distribution networks.
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